مقارنة ORMs لـ Go لـ PostgreSQL: GORM مقابل Ent مقابل Bun مقابل sqlc

export DATABASE_URL='postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/app?sslmode=disable'

import (
  "context"
  "os"
)

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
  id    BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name  TEXT NOT NULL,
  email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE
);

import (
  "gorm.io/driver/postgres"
  "gorm.io/gorm"
)

type User struct {
  ID    int64  `gorm:"primaryKey"`
  Name  string
  Email string `gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
}

func newGorm() (*gorm.DB, error) {
  dsn := os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL")
  return gorm.Open(postgres.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
}

// التحديث التلقائي (اختياري؛ كن حذرًا في الإنتاج)
func migrate(db *gorm.DB) error { return db.AutoMigrate(&User{}) }

func gormCRUD(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
  // إنشاء
  u := User{Name: "Alice", Email: "alice@example.com"}
  if err := db.WithContext(ctx).Create(&u).Error; err != nil { return err }

  // القراءة
  var got User
  if err := db.WithContext(ctx).First(&got, u.ID).Error; err != nil { return err }

  // التحديث
  if err := db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&got).
    Update("email", "alice+1@example.com").Error; err != nil { return err }

  // الحذف
  if err := db.WithContext(ctx).Delete(&User{}, got.ID).Error; err != nil { return err }

  return nil
}

package schema

import (
  "entgo.io/ent"
  "entgo.io/ent/schema/field"
)

type User struct {
  ent.Schema
}

func (User) Fields() []ent.Field {
  return []ent.Field{
    field.Int64("id").Unique().Immutable(),
    field.String("name"),
    field.String("email").Unique(),
  }
}

go run entgo.io/ent/cmd/ent generate ./ent/schema

import (
  "entgo.io/ent/dialect"
  "entgo.io/ent/dialect/sql"
  _ "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib"
  "your/module/ent"
)

func newEnt() (*ent.Client, error) {
  dsn := os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL")
  drv, err := sql.Open(dialect.Postgres, dsn)
  if err != nil { return nil, err }
  return ent.NewClient(ent.Driver(drv)), nil
}

func entCRUD(ctx context.Context, client *ent.Client) error {
  // إنشاء
  u, err := client.User.Create().
    SetName("Alice").
    SetEmail("alice@example.com").
    Save(ctx)
  if err != nil { return err }

  // القراءة
  got, err := client.User.Get(ctx, u.ID)
  if err != nil { return err }

  // التحديث
  if _, err := client.User.UpdateOneID(got.ID).
    SetEmail("alice+1@example.com").
    Save(ctx); err != nil { return err }

  // الحذف
  if err := client.User.DeleteOneID(got.ID).Exec(ctx); err != nil { return err }

  return nil
}

import (
  "database/sql"

  "github.com/uptrace/bun"
  "github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/pgdialect"
  _ "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib"
)

type User struct {
  bun.BaseModel `bun:"table:users"`
  ID    int64  `bun:",pk,autoincrement"`
  Name  string `bun:",notnull"`
  Email string `bun:",unique,notnull"`
}

func newBun() (*bun.DB, error) {
  dsn := os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL")
  sqldb, err := sql.Open("pgx", dsn)
  if err != nil { return nil, err }
  return bun.NewDB(sqldb, pgdialect.New()), nil
}

func bunCRUD(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error {
  // إنشاء
  u := &User{Name: "Alice", Email: "alice@example.com"}
  if _, err := db.NewInsert().Model(u).Exec(ctx); err != nil { return err }

  // القراءة
  var got User
  if err := db.NewSelect().Model(&got).
    Where("id = ?", u.ID).
    Scan(ctx); err != nil { return err }

  // التحديث
  if _, err := db.NewUpdate().Model(&got).
    Set("email = ?", "alice+1@example.com").
    WherePK().
    Exec(ctx); err != nil { return err }

  // الحذف
  if _, err := db.NewDelete().Model(&got).WherePK().Exec(ctx); err != nil { return err }

  return nil
}

version: "2"
sql:
  - engine: postgresql
    queries: db/queries
    schema: db/migrations
    gen:
      go:
        package: db
        out: internal/db
        sql_package: "database/sql" # أو "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"

-- name: CreateUser :one
INSERT INTO users (name, email)
VALUES ($1, $2)
RETURNING id, name, email;

-- name: GetUser :one
SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE id = $1;

-- name: UpdateUserEmail :one
UPDATE users SET email = $2 WHERE id = $1
RETURNING id, name, email;

-- name: DeleteUser :exec
DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1;

sqlc generate

import (
  "database/sql"
  _ "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib"
  "your/module/internal/db"
)

func sqlcCRUD(ctx context.Context) error {
  dsn := os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL")
  sqldb, err := sql.Open("pgx", dsn)
  if err != nil { return err }
  q := db.New(sqldb)

  // إنشاء
  u, err := q.CreateUser(ctx, db.CreateUserParams{
    Name: "Alice", Email: "alice@example.com",
  })
  if err != nil { return err }

  // القراءة
  got, err := q.GetUser(ctx, u.ID)
  if err != nil { return err }

  // التحديث
  up, err := q.UpdateUserEmail(ctx, db.UpdateUserEmailParams{
    ID: got.ID, Email: "alice+1@example.com",
  })
  if err != nil { return err }

  // الحذف
  if err := q.DeleteUser(ctx, up.ID); err != nil { return err }

  return nil
}

version: "3.8"
services:
  db:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: user
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: pass
      POSTGRES_DB: app
    ports: ["5432:5432"]
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U user -d app"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5